Question 1: Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
One method used for crop production which ensures high yield is plant breeding. It is the science involved in improving the varieties of crops by breeding plants. The plants from different areas/places are picked up with desired traits, and then hybridisation or cross-breeding of these varieties is done to obtain a plant/crop of desired characteristic. The high-yielding crop variety shows characteristics such as high yield, early maturation, less water for irrigation, better quality seeds, less fertilizers required, and adaptability to environmental conditions.
Question 2: Why are manure and fertilizers used in fields?
They are used to ensure good vegetative growth (leaves, branches, and flowers), giving rise to healthy plants, that results in high crop production.
Question 3: What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Advantages of using inter-cropping:
- It helps to maintain soil fertility.
- It increases productivity per unit area.
- Save labour and time.
- Both crops can be easily harvested and processed separately.
Advantages of using crop rotation:
- It improves soil fertility.
- It avoids depletion of a particular nutrient from the soil.
- It minimizes pest infestation and diseases.
- It helps in weed control.
- It prevents a change in the chemical nature of the soil.
Question 4: What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
Genetic manipulation is a process of incorporating desirable genes into crop varieties by hybridisation. Hybridisation involves crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. This is done for the production of varieties with desirable characteristics like increased yield, better quality, shorter and early maturity period, better adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, and other desirable traits.
Question 5: How do storage grain losses occur?
The factors responsible for the loss of grains during storage are abiotic factors like moisture, humidity, and temperature, as well as biotic factors like insects, rodents, birds, mites, and bacteria.
Question 6: How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?
Good animal husbandry practices are beneficial to farmers in several ways, including the improvement of breeds of domesticated animals, increasing the yield of foodstuffs such as milk, eggs, and meat, and proper management of domestic animals in terms of shelter, feeding, care, and protection against diseases. These practices ultimately help farmers improve their economic condition.
Question 7: What are the benefits of cattle farming?
Cattle farming is beneficial as it increases milk production by high-yielding animals, provides good quality meat, fiber, and skin, and allows the breeding of good draught animals.
Question 8: For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries, and bee-keeping?
Through cross-breeding, the production of poultry, fisheries, and bee-keeping can be increased.
Question 9: How do you differentiate between capture fishing, mariculture, and aquaculture?
Capture fishing: It is the fishing in which fishes are captured from natural resources like ponds, seawater, and estuaries.
Mariculture: It is the culture of fish in marine water. Varieties like prawns, oysters, bhetki, and mullets are cultured for fishing.
Aquaculture: It is done both in freshwater and marine water.